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Lesson Plan January 9, 2026

Topic: Talking about the past & present

In this lesson we will learn ways to talk about the past and present together using the present perfect.

Section A: Form of the present perfect

• Have + past participle

The past participle of regular verbs is formed by adding -ed to the infinitive

• cook —> cooked; “He has cooked dinner for us.”

• work —> worked; “Have you worked hard today?”

• finish —> finished; “She hasn’t finished yet.”

If the infinitive ends in -e, you add only -d

• live —> lived; “I have lived here for a number of years.”

Many common verbs have irregular forms. Here are a few.

• be —> been; “Where have you been all morning?”

• have —> had; “Have you had breakfast yet?”

• go —> gone; “I have gone out, I’ll be back later.”

• see —> seen; “I haven’t seen this movie yet.”

• eat —> eaten; “I have just eaten.”

Remember that you can use a short form of have

• I have —> I’ve

• he has —> he’s

• we have —> we’ve

• they have not —> they haven’t

• she has not —> she hasn’t

Section B: Uses of the present perfect

You can use the present perfect …

• to talk about something that happened in the past but that is still important in the present:

  • A: What’s the matter? You look upset.
    B: I’ve lost my purse. I haven’t been able to find it since yesterday.

• to describe something that started in the past and is still happening now.

  • A: Do you know this part of town?
    B: Yes, I’ve lived here for ten years.

• to talk about things you have done at some time in the past

  • I’v been to Europe three times.

  • I’ve never read any Harry Potter books.

• with just to talk about the recent past.

  • I’ve just finished my exams. I’m so happy.

  • A: Do you want some of my chocolate?
    B: I’m good, I’ve just brushed my teeth.

• with ever to ask questions to find out things that people have done

  • Have you ever eaten Brazilian food?

• with yet and already (Remember! We use already in positive sentences, and yet in negative sentences and questions)

  • Have you done your homework yet?

  • Don’t tell me what happens at the end of the film. I haven’t seen it yet.

  • We don’t need any more milk. I’ve already bought some.

• with for (for a period of time) or since (from a point in time)

  • I’ve lived in Paris since 2010. (= 2010 moved to Paris. Now still living in Paris)

  • He’s worked there for three months. (= July started work. Now October still working there)

  • She’s been a fan since she saw them in concert. (2012 saw them in concert. Now still a fan)

Section C: Present perfect with been and gone

Study these examples

• Sam’s gone to the shops to buy a newspaper. He’ll be back in a few minutes. (This means that Same is still at the shops)

• Julia’s been to the shops so we’ve got enough food for dinner. (This means that Julia has gone to the shops and come back)